The formula
Runway is how many months your cash on hand covers at your current burn. Burn is the amount your costs exceed your income by, per month. If income covers costs, burn is zero and runway is not the number that matters.
A worked example
€18,000 in the bank, €4,200 in average monthly costs, and one retainer worth €1,500 a month coming in leaves a burn of €2,700 a month. €18,000 divided by €2,700 is about 6.7 months, which is not a deadline so much as the point where the current plan runs out if nothing between now and then changes.
What this number is actually for
Runway moves before it looks like it does.A late invoice does not change what you are owed, but it does shrink this month's runway, because runway only counts cash that has actually arrived.
An optimistic income figure hides the real number. Entering a client you have not signed yet, or a renewal that is not confirmed, tells you the runway you are hoping for, not the one you have.
It sets the floor for negotiating from a stable position. Knowing you have eight months, not two, changes whether you can turn down a bad-fit client or hold a rate under pressure.
It is a monthly habit, not a one-time number. Costs and income both drift, so a runway checked once in January is a guess by June.